battle of narva 1944 casualties
[38] While some ended up serving on both sides, thousands joined the Forest Brothers partisan detachments to avoid conscription. The operation was aimed at cutting off the Army Group North in Estonia. [4], In the Krivasoo swamp ten kilometres south of Narva, the Soviet 1078th Regiment and the ski battalion of the 314th Rifle Division crossed the river under a heavy German air and artillery attack in four hours. The Grenadier Regiment Gnesen (an ad hoc regiment formed from replacement army units in Poland) was sent from Germany and arrived on 11 February. Battle of Narva - Battle for the Narva Bridgehead (1944), 4th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Brigade Nederland, 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland, Hyacinth Graf Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche und Camminetz, Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds, 60th Feldherrnhalle Panzergrenadier-Division, 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian), Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity, Hieroconfessor Macarius, Schema-Bishop Of Malovishery. [1] The total German casualties during the initial phase of the campaign was approximately 58,000 men, 12,000 of them dead or missing in action. ⢠First Indochina War Within six days, around 50,000 troops and 1,000 prisoners had been removed. Up to 500 of them were killed by the 225th Infantry Division, with a large number of weapons, including seven assault guns gained as trophies. Frießner hurried his forces southwards against the 124th Rifle Corps advance. Casualties on both sides mounted as the see saw battle continued. "Phase III: The Soviet Occupation of Estonia from 1944". In the previous year, the Red Army had pushed the German Army Group Center back over 400 miles, from Voronezh to Kiev. [36] On 17 September 1944, a naval force under Vice-Admiral Theodor Burchardi began evacuating elements of the German formations and Estonian civilians. ⢠Shumshu, ⢠Attacks on North America ⢠Syrmian Front During the withdrawal from Estonia, the German command released thousands of native Estonian conscripts from military service. Examines the motivation and reasons as to why two million foreign volunteers joined the German Army and Waffen-SS from countries as far as India to the Balkans. On 12 May, a battle was fought near Auvere. German, Dutch, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Esto-nian, and even Russian, volunteers had enlisted in the German forces to fight against what they per-ceived … ⢠Military production The major military loss was the burning of a million litres of fuel in the fuel depot. If the Soviets succeeded there, Narva city would fall quickly and the Narva bridgehead on the east bank of the river would be cut off. Army Group Narwa was in direct danger of getting besieged. [12] Retreat was forbidden under the penalty of death. Germans lost the war but have won many Little battles even in 1944-1945.German Army started many succesfull operations to save encircled armys or evacuate civillians. [1] The 8th Army went on to take the remaining West Estonian archipelago in the Moonsund Landing Operation. The Soviet tank regiments had been demolished. Schütz, Oldendorf, Preuss, Mitcham, S. German Defeat in the East 1944 â 45, Stackpole, 2007, p.149, On 25 January, Hitler renamed three army groups: the North became the Courland; the Centre became the North and the. The newly arrived 59th Army attacked westwards from the Krivasoo Swamp and encircled the strong points of the 214th Infantry Division and Estonian 658th and 659th Eastern Battalions. On first publication, this uncommonly concise and readable account of Soviet Russia's clash with Nazi Germany utterly changed our understanding of World War II. Thoroughly revised and updated to reflect recent Russian and Western ... With the tactical victories of "Narwa" from mid-February to April, Finland terminated the negotiations on 18 April 1944. [4] The density of the assault guns was 160 per kilometre of front line. The first time I brought my metal detector to Estonia was when I visited my mother in Sillamäe in 2002. Stalin's hopes of forcing Finland into capitulation failed and entered into negotiations on Finland's terms. [1], This position was the northern segment of the German Panther Line and it was where Generalfeldmarschall Georg von Küchler in charge of the Army Group wanted to set up his defence. He also hinted that Estonian troops on Estonian soil would have: "... a significance much wider than what I could and would be able to disclose here. Battle of Luzon, 9 January--15 August 1945 - 345,256 casualties 8. "Despair and Fanaticism, 1944â45", http://militera.lib.ru/memo/russian/fedyuninsky/08.html. Found insideThis is a truly unique account of Nazi Germany at war and of one man's struggle against totalitarianism. ⢠Gothic Line The Mereküla Landing Operation was conducted as the 517-strong 260th Independent Naval Infantry Brigade landed at the coastal borough of Mereküla behind the Sponheimer Group lines. The Nederland Brigade's artillery opened up, tearing holes in the advancing Red Army soldiers. Found insidePraise for Remains of the Soviet Past in Estonia 'By adopting the tropes of ‘repair’ and ‘waste’, this book innovatively manages to link various material registers from architecture, intergenerational relations, affect and museums ... At sixty-six pages we are near the endgame, with the Battle of and fall of Narva the subject. In support of the forces already in place, Hitler ordered reinforcements. [8] Following Joseph Stalin's "Broad Front" strategy, these battles coincided with the DnieperâCarpathian Offensive (December 1943 â April 1944) and the LvovâSandomierz Offensive (JulyâAugust 1944). [1] The 8th Army went on to take the remaining West Estonian archipelago in the Moonsund Landing Operation. There were no other east-west transportation routes capable of sustaining troop movement on a large scale in the region. According to his account, from 1 March to 14 September, the Leningrad Front lost 76,301 troops as dead or missing and 303,291 as wounded or sick in the Narva campaign. [11] The Army Group North evacuated the civilian population of Narva. At the same time, the 61st Infantry Division and the Strachwitz tank squadron pierced deep into the 59th Army defense, separating the two rifle corps from each other and forcing them to retreat to their fortifications. As of 1 March 1944, there were a total of 123,541 personnel subordinated to the Army Group in the following order of battle:[1], In the summer of 1944, the Panzergrenadier Division Feldherrnhalle and seven infantry divisions were removed from the Narva Front,[2] leaving 22,250 troops at the location. [1][2] The Army Detachment "Narwa" lost [14] While Finland regarded the terms as unacceptable, the war waging around them appeared dangerous enough to keep negotiating. Its aim was to reconquer Estonia, which was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The forced collectivisation of agriculture began in 1947, and was completed after the mass deportation of Estonians in March 1949. [2] The 517 troops commenced their operation on 14 February, landing directly in front of the German coastal artillery. On 8 February 1944, the division was attached to Gruppenführer Felix Steiner's III SS (Germanic) Panzer Corps, then defending the Narva bridgehead.The division was to replace the remnants of the 9th and 10th Luftwaffe Field Divisions, which were struggling to hold the line against a Soviet bridgehead north of the town of Narva. For the Baltic Fleet trapped in an eastern bay of the Gulf of Finland, Tallinn was the closest exit to the Baltic Sea. ⢠Finland [19] Additional Soviet units attacking across the lake were destroyed by 21 German Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers. As of 1 March 1944, there were a total of 123,541 personnel subordinated to the Army Group in the following order of battle:[1], In the summer of 1944, the Panzergrenadier Division Feldherrnhalle and seven infantry divisions were removed from the Narva Front,[2] leaving 22,250 troops at the location. Two Russian armies invaded German East Prussia but became separated. ⢠Moscow [1][11], On the morning of 25 July 1944 Soviet assault guns fired 280,000 shells and grenades at the positions of the Estonian Division across Narva river, who were covering the right flank of the III SS Panzer Corps. In support of the forces already in place, Hitler ordered reinforcements. [23] On 4 September, Finland opened access for the Soviets to Finnish waters. The extent of the attack was beyond the expectations of the local people and the headquarters of the Army Group North. Ship This Item — Qualifies for Free Shipping Buy Online, Pick up in Store Check Availability at Nearby Stores. ⢠Philippines (1944â1945), ⢠VistulaâOder Battle of France Map. ⢠Tempest [1], The German units that failed to retreat exactly on the agreed timetable, immediately faced heavy Soviet assaults. The Army Detachment "Narwa" lost 23,963 personnel as dead, wounded and missing in action in February 1944. The total German casualties during the Battle of Narva is estimated at 14,000 dead or missing and 54,000 wounded or sick. At midnight on 18 September, the Army Detachment "Narwa" left its positions in the Tannenberg Line. ⢠KorsunâCherkassy [24] In September, 90,000 soldiers and 85,000 Estonian, Finnish and German refugees and Soviet prisoners of war were evacuated to Germany. [1] The Soviet 90th Rifle Division seized Piirissaar island in the middle of the lake on 12 February, with taking the Estonian city of Tartu as its goal. Battle of Narva > Estimated total casualties: 550,000 > Date: February 2 to August 10, 1944 > Combatants: Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. The Soviet 930th Regiment broke through the thinned defense line of the 61st Infantry Division to the railway, pushing towards the German headquarters. The prospect of an invasion of East Prussia through Estonia[13] appealed even more to Stavka, as it could bring German resistance to a standstill. ⢠Home front Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (estnische Nr. The SS Reconnaissance Battalion 11 and the I.Battalion, Waffen Grenadier Regiment 47 (3rd Estonian) launched a counterattack during the night before 28 July. The German-appointed Estonian Self-Administration had previously attempted several unsuccessful general mobilisation calls, which were illegal under the Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907) and opposed by Uluots. [2] The number of Soviet casualties can only be estimated indirectly. [2] In recent years, Russian authors have published some figures[11][32] but not for the whole course of the battles. The Anti-Tank Company, SS Panzergrenadier Regiment 24 "Danmark" returned the hill to the hands of "Narwa" the following night. Meanwhile in Moscow, STAVKA was working on another operation, code named "Bagration, " that promised to break open the eastern front once and for all. The "Armoured Count" was out cheering the attackers on personally, driving his offroad vehicle to decorate the bravest with Iron Crosses, chocolate and cognac in the middle of the heaviest combat. Estonia 1940â1945: Reports of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity, ed (2006). ⢠Blitzkrieg [12] Small tank units in two groups broke through the lines of the Rifle Corps in several places, splitting the bridgeheads in two-halves. [2][44] In the night before 26 July, the regiment was the last to leave Narva, while the Soviets were already gaining control of the highway behind them and Soviet armoured vehicles were crossing the Narva bridge. The battle consisted of two main operations. This enabled an improvised battle group consisting of different nationalities to launch a fierce counterattack led by Hauptsturmführer Paul Maitla which re-conquered the Grenaderimägi to German hands. The total of the German casualties in the Battle for Narva Bridgehead is estimated at 12,000 dead, missing or captured and 46,000 wounded or sick. ⢠Philippines National Committee of the Republic of Estonia, 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Nordland", 11th SS Panzergrenadier Division "Nordland", 4th SS Panzergrenadier Brigade "Nederland", 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian), Hyacinth Graf Strachwitz von GroÃ-Zauche und Camminetz, deportation of 22,500 Estonians in March 1949, Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity, The Baltic States, Years of Dependence, 1940â1980, A European Anabasis â Western European Volunteers in the German Army and SS, 1940â1945. [24] After the offensive, the weakened Soviet 30th Guard Rifle Corps was replaced by the 10th Rifle Corps. [2], The Oberkommando des Heeres believed it was crucial to stabilize the front on the Narva River. – About Ranks and Famous Germans. Adding the troops missing in action, the number of dead in the period is estimated at approximately 2,500. [1][10], With swift reinforcements, the two Soviet armies continued their attacks. [32] By the end of April, the parties had mutually exhausted their strengths. While a small book in terms of length, this volume helps fill an important niche in the history of Army Group North's futile attempts to hold back the Red Army. [24] In September, 90,000 soldiers and 85,000 Estonian, Finnish and German refugees and Soviet prisoners of war were evacuated to Germany. The number of Soviet casualties can only be estimated by looking at other figures. "The Government of Otto Tief and Attempt to Restore the Independence of Estonia in 1944: A Legal Appraisal.". Finnish Chief of Defence Carl Gustav Emil Mannerheim repeatedly reminded the German side that in the event their troops in Estonia retreated, Finland would be forced to make peace even on extremely unfavourable terms. Source: Keystone / Getty Images. The Battle of Narva Bridgehead (Estonian: Narva lahingud; German: Schlacht um den Brückenkopf von Narva; Russian: Битва за плацдарм Нарва; 2 February – 26 July 1944) was the campaign that stalled the Soviet Estonian operation in the surroundings of the town of Narva for six months. By giving its support to the illegal German conscription call, the Estonian resistance movement had hoped to recreate a national army and restore the independence of the country. The Soviet units established a number of bridgeheads on the opposite bank of the river in February. [1] They were transported to the Narva front by a naval unit with 26 vessels. After a siege lasting two and a half years, German forces retreat with the Red Army in hot pursuit. [38] The sole German cost of this evacuation was the loss of a steamboat. The Battle of Narva was a military campaign between the German Army Detachment “Narwa” and the Soviet Leningrad Front fought for possession of the strategically important Narva Isthmus on 2 February – 10 August 1944 during World War II. The German forces managed to block the Soviet advance to the Baltic ports for nearly six months due to the nature of the terrain and the resistance of the international troops. The Soviet advance along the river to Narva was faced by the 2nd Battalion, Waffen Grenadier Regiment of the SS 47. [27] With the hand grenades being passed on along the trenches, the bridgehead was squeezed in from the north by the "rolling" tactics. The Soviet tank regiments had been demolished. [1] The ejection of the Army Group North from Estonia would have made Finland subject to air and amphibious attacks originating from Estonian bases. The defense of the highway was held only by small infantry units formed of the field divisions of the Luftwaffe, supported by Panther tanks after every few hundred metres along the highway. The shock units suppressed the German resistance on the Lastekodumägi, while the Soviet main forces suffered heavy casualties in the subsequent assault at the Grenaderimägi. [1] The Waffen-Grenadier Regiment der SS 45 made a direct assault at the bridgehead on 29 February. [2][15] [2] On 24 March, Govorov asked the Stavka for permission to switch the mode on Narva front from offense to defense. 9 February 1944. [4][11] Army General Leonid A. Govorov of Leningrad Front ordered the 2nd Shock Army to break through the German defence line north and south of Narva town, move the front fifty kilometres westwards and continue towards the town of Rakvere. September 27, 1688 – September 20, 1697 The German-appointed Estonian Self-Administration had previously attempted several unsuccessful general mobilisation calls, which were illegal under the Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907) and opposed by Uluots. The defeat in the preceding Narva offensive came as an unpleasant surprise to the leadership of the Leningrad Front, blaming it on the arrival of the freshly conscripted 20th Estonian SS Volunteer Division who were motivated to resist the looming Soviet re-occupation. [10] After reinforcements, the Narva front acquired the highest concentration of forces at any point on the Eastern Front in March 1944. Battle of the Bulge, 16 December 1944–25 January 1945: 186,369 casualties. In Toomas Hiio, Meelis Maripuu, & Indrek Paavle. However, Finland stayed in the war. The commanders of the Leningrad Front were unaware of the preparations; they designed a new Narva Offensive. The Soviet 8th Army threatened to reach the Tannenberg Line before the Germans. The result of the air raid was the opposite of what the Soviets intended, as people felt disgusted by the Soviet atrocities; more men answered the German conscription call. In German). [2][35] On 17 September 1944, a naval force under Vice-Admiral Theodor Burchardi began evacuating elements of the German formations and Estonian civilians. Christophersen and his men then defended the positions against all attackers, enabling the broken German lines to reconsolidate and hold. This combination of aspects meant the land was by and large well-suited for defence as the waterways, swamps, and forests tend to channelise an attacker's movements. The defensive operation led to the destruction of the SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Regiment 48 "General Seyffardt" due to tactical errors. [2][15] Units of the 59th Army attacked from the Krivasoo bridgehead on 4 March.[12]. 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